The Ganga Expressway is an ambitious project to provide connection to Uttar Pradesh’s interior regions. This expressway, which will be constructed in two phases, will be among the longest when finished. Between Meerut and Prayagraj, via Varanasi, the 602-km Ganga Expressway route will travel through a number of districts. The Ganga Expressway is expected to be finished by 2025, while land acquisition for the project is already being completed, the construction of the same has been initiated and is currently under progress.

Also Read About- 12 Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar

The expressway can be expanded to eight lanes in future and will have a 120 km/h top speed limit for moving vehicles. There will be construction of two bridges across the rivers Ramganga and Ganga, one of which would span the Ramganga will be 720 metres long. Nine public restrooms, 381 underpasses, 14 major bridges, 126 minor bridges, 929 culverts, 7 ROBs, 28 flyovers, and 8 diamond interchanges will all be constructed throughout the expressway. The width of Railway Overbridges will be 120 metres.

An estimated Rs 36,230 crores would be spent on the Ganga Expressway project.

Gorakhpur Link Expressway

The four-lane, access-controlled Gorakhpur Link Expressway, which is now under development, will supposedly make it easy to travel between Gorakhpur and Azamgarh. The 91 km-long section will be built out in two stages and traverse through four districts viz. Gorakhpur, Sant Kabir Nagar, Ambedkar Nagar and Azamgarh in Uttar Pradesh.

Service roads and underpasses for Pedestrians, vehicles, and animals are part of the project. Additionally, there will be two toll plazas, three ramp plazas, 27 minor bridges, over 50 light vehicle underpasses, 16 vehicle underpasses, and more than 30 pedestrian underpasses.

The highway, which covers 1,095 hectares, is expected to cost around Rs 5,876 crore, including the cost of the land.

Also Read About-10 Mega Projects In India Currently Ongoing

Lucknow Kanpur Expressway

The six-lane, access-controlled Lucknow-Kanpur highway will improve connection between these Uttar Pradesh twin cities. This should cut the journey time in half, from 1.5 hours to roughly 45 minutes. The expressway, also known as National Expressway 6, was given national highway status in December 2020 and is anticipated to be operational by 2024. (NE-6). This 63-km expressway’s construction is currently ongoing.

Throughout its stretch, 3 major bridges, 28 minor bridges, 38 underpasses and 6 flyovers will be constructed.

The estimated cost of this expressway project including land acquisition cost is around INR 4,700 crores.

Also Read About- 12 Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar

Delhi Dehradun Expressway

The Delhi-Dehradun Expressway is a 6-lane (extendable up to 8 lanes) Greenfield access-controlled expressway project funded by the Bharatmala Pariyojana. The 210 km-long section is anticipated to significantly shorten travel time between the two cities and stimulate real estate expansion in a number of neighboring micro-markets.

The first highway in India to include a wildlife protection corridor will be built, and it will also be Asia’s longest wildlife elevated corridor with a length of 12 kilometers allowing unrestricted animal migration. When this expressway is finished, the distance between the two cities will drop from 235 km to 210 km, and the travel duration will drop from 6.5 hours to only 2.5 hours.

Also Read About-10 Mega Projects In India Currently Ongoing

It is proposed that the Delhi Dehradun Expressway be built in three stages:

Phase I: Expressway will stretch between the projected EPE Junction and Akshardham (Delhi). It will be a brownfield phase.
Phase II: Expressway stretch near the Saharanpur Bypass between projected EPE Junction and Ganeshpur. This stage will be green gield section.
Phase III: The expressway will run between Dehradun and Ganeshpur, close to the Saharanpur bypass.

Expected cost of Delhi Dehradun Expressway is INR 13,000 Crores.

Gorakhpur Siliguri Expressway

In Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal, this 520 KM long greenfield highway is being constructed parallel to NH 27. For those from Bihar and Nepal, getting to Delhi and Uttarakhand from northeast India will be simple. From a strategic perspective, the expressway that will be constructed close to the Nepalese border is quite significant. There won’t be any populous places where this expressway travels. As a greenfield expressway, it will be surrounded by trees and other vegetation.

Bihar contains the majority of the Greenfield Expressway. In the state, it will be 416.2 kilometres long. While it is 18.97 km in West Bengal and 84.4 km in Uttar Pradesh.

Expected cost of Gorakhpur Siliguri Expressway will be approx INR 25,000 Crores.

Also Read About- 12 Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar

Gorakhpur Shamli Expressway

For the 500-kilometer-long Gorakhpur-Shamli expressway, the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has hired a consultant to create a detailed project report (DPR). Only after the DPR is completed will the expressway’s final alignment be known. However, 20 districts would be crossed, including Sant Kabirnagar, Basti, and Siddharth Nagar.

From Gorakhpur, this will be the third expressway. A connector highway connecting the Purvanchal Expressway is currently being built nearby. This connection road’s construction is 60% complete.

Also Read About-10 Mega Projects In India Currently Ongoing

Ayodhya Ring Road

The National Highways Authority of India will build a 65-km outer ring road as a new construction project to relieve traffic on the Lucknow-Gorakhpur route. The four-lane ring road, which is expected to cost Rs 2,500 crore, will go through Ayodhya, Gonda, and Basti.

The ring road is a part of highway construction projects worth Rs 8,698 crore for which Nitin Gadkari, the Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways, lay the foundation stonr in January 2022.

Also Read About- 12 Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar

Lucknow Ring Road

In addition to enhancing connectivity, the projected Lucknow Outer Ring Road will support sub-cluster development, improving business, employment, tourist, and real estate growth. The National Highway (NH) 230, an eight-lane circular road, will be built across a hundred settlements in various phases.

NH 230, often referred to as Kisan Path or the Lucknow Outer Ring Road, is a 104 km long project that is currently under construction. For Rs 5,500 crore, this ring road will link 104 villages to the city. The work on the Outer Ring Road has been divided into two phases under various packages by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).

Also Read About-10 Mega Projects In India Currently Ongoing

Upper Ganga Canal Expressway

The UP government has suggested building an expressway of Rs 8719 crore called the Upper Ganga Canal Expressway. On the right bank of the upper Ganga Canal, there would be an eight-lane access-controlled expressway. The highway will run from Purkazi in Muzzafarnagar district, close to the border between Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh, to Sanauta Bridge in Bulandshahar district.

Also Read About- 12 Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar

Balia Link Expressway

The Ballia Link Expressway project is designed to link the Ballia district, which is located on the border of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, with the Purvanchal Expressway at Lucknow and the National Capital Region via the Agra-Lucknow Expressway and Greater Noida-Agra Expressway (NCR). The project will apparently cost 1600 crore rupees. The 40 km-long four-lane freeway will have four lanes.

Also Read About-10 Mega Projects In India Currently Ongoing

Varanasi Ranchi Kolkata Expressway

The 610 km Varanasi-Kolkata Expressway by NHAI is an access-controlled, four- or six-lane expressway that would link Kolkata in West Bengal with Ranchi in Jharkhand and Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh.

This greenfield expressway is part of Bharatmala Pariyojna (BMP) Phase 2 and connects Varanasi Ring Road Km 00.000 (near Barhuli village) to Km 610.417 NH-16, close to Uluberia, Howrah District, West Bengal. It would run parallel to National Highway NH-2 (old).

Also Read About- 12 Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar

The highway will pass through four states throughout its length: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
According to sources, the 610 km, six-lane highway will cost approximately INR 25,000 crores for civil construction work, plus an extra INR 10,000 crore for land acquisition work. Therefore, the Varanasi-Kolkata Expressway’s total construction cost would be roughly INR 35,000 crore.

Chambal Expressway

In the states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan, a six-lane expressway called the Chambal Expressway is being considered. Given that it will be built alongside the Chambal river, the expressway is known as the Chambal. Through the Sheopur and Morena districts, the expressway will connect Etawah in Uttar Pradesh with Kota in Rajasthan. The projected expressway will cost Rs. 12,170 crores.

The 404 km long projected expressway offers a different route from Kanpur to Kota through Madhya Pradesh before joining the corridor from Delhi to Mumbai.

The projected Chambal Expressway is 404 km in overall, with MP accounting for 309 km, Rajasthan for 78 km, and UP for 17 km.

Also Read About-10 Mega Projects In India Currently Ongoing

Ram Van Gaman Marg

The projected 210 km Ram Van Gaman Marg runs through Uttar Pradesh’s Faizabad, Sultanpur, Pratapgarh, Jethwara, Shringverpur, Manjhanpur, and Rajapur on its way from Ayodhya to Chitrakoot.

Along with a greenfield alignment with a bridge across the Ganga at Shrinverpur, the proposed alignment also traverses NH-28, NH-96, and NH-731A.

Also Read About-12 Upcoming Mega Projects in West Bengal

The mentioned route is in the Chitrakoot district of Uttar Pradesh, and it is 38 kilometres long.

At a cost of Rs 137.45 crore, the first phase of the project would develop eight of the state’s chosen locations that are located along Lord Ram’s route through the forest as tourism destinations.

Agra Metro

The third-most populous city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, Agra, is the site of the Agra Metro, an urban mass rapid transport system (MRTS).

Also Read About-10 Mega Projects In India Currently Ongoing

The Agra Metro project was announced in March 2019, and work on it got underway in December of that same year. The project is expected to cost €908 million ($1,099.39 million). In January 2024, the new metro service is expected to launch.

In order to increase connection to and from the city’s major tourist attractions, such as the Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, and Sikandra, the project entails the creation of two corridors, each with 27 stations in the first phase, which spans 29.4 km. UPMRC has not yet disclosed its plans for the second phase of development.

Gorakhpur Metro

The Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. has authorised the construction of the 27 stations and 2 lines of the Gorakhpur Light Metro (Metrolite) in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh.
The overall length of the metro’s route is 27.41 kilometres.

Gorakhpur Metro is expected to cost approximately INR 4,672 Cr

Also Read About-12 Upcoming Mega Projects in West Bengal

Lucknow Metro Expansion

The Lucknow Metro Rail project’s projected east-west corridor is expected to cost Rs 4,265 crore and take five years to complete.

The second phase of the city’s metro rail project will link Lucknow’s major railway station in the Charbagh neighbourhood with the older, more crowded, and densely populated “City of Nawabs” areas.

Also Read About-10 Mega Projects In India Currently Ongoing

The mass rapid transport system (MRTS) in Lucknow already has a 23-km north-south corridor, while the east-west corridor will be 11 km long.
The elevated and underground tracks would span approximately 4.2 and 6.8 kilometres of the whole length of the east-west line from Charbagh to Vasant Kunj, respectively. Seven underground stations and five elevated stations will make up the total of 12 metro stations along the corridor.

Kanpur Metro

The Kanpur Metro is a rail-based public transit system that serves the city of Kanpur in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, as well as the surrounding metropolitan area. RITES completed the project’s feasibility assessment in June 2015.

On November 15, 2019, work on the 8.98 kilometre (5.3 mi) stretch from IIT Kanpur to Motijheel officially started.

Also Read About-12 Upcoming Mega Projects in West Bengal

On February 28, 2019, the Central Government gave its approval for the five-year, projected cost of 11,076.48 crores Kanpur metro project.
On December 28, 2021, Prime Minister Narendra Modi officially opened the first phase.

The deadline for phase 2 of the project is year 2024.

Noida Metro Expansion

For the benefit of citizens residing in interior pockets, the authorities in Noida and Greater Noida are preparing to expand Metro rail connectivity in the twin industrial cities.

Also Read About-12 Upcoming Mega Projects in West Bengal

The authorities are working on three Metro corridors, including a 14.5-km line branching from Sector 51 on the Aqua Line in Noida to Knowledge Park-V in Greater Noida, a 2.6-km corridor from Knowledge Park-V to Bodaki in Greater Noida, and an extension of the Metro link from the Botanical Garden Metro station on the Blue Line to Sector 142 Metro station, which is on the Aqua Line.

Meerut Metro

An urban Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) called the Meerut Metro is currently being built in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh.

The 82.15 km Delhi-Meerut RRTS line, which National Capital Region Transport Corporation is building, would be used to support the project’s 20 km Line-1, which will include 11 stations (NCRTC). It will have 30 coaches provided by Alstom (Bombardier) to run the line in a configuration of 10 trains with 3 cars, and it will have 8 special metro-only stations.

Also Read About-Top 10 On Going Mega Projects In World

The 15 km Line-2 of the project, which would have 14 stations, is currently in the proposal stage and will be constructed and run by Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation Limited (UPMRCL).

Pryagraj Metro

The Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. has proposed to construct the Prayagraj Light Metro, a light rail transit (LRT) system, in Prayagraj (Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh. It will include two lines and 39 stations (UPMRCL).

The Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation (UPMRCL) was appointed by the government of Uttar Pradesh as the “coordinator” in 2017 to bring together all stakeholders and launch its Phase 1 project. The Prayagraj Development Authority (PDA) received the feasibility report and detailed project report that were prepared by RITES later in the year and submitted in November 2019.

Prayagraj Metro Lines (Proposed)
Line-1 – Shantipuram in Phaphamau – Naini
• Type: Elevated

Line-2 – Bamrauli – Jhunsi
• Type: Elevated

Interchange Station will be constructed at Parade Grounds near Alopibagh.

Also Read About-12 Upcoming Mega Projects in West Bengal

Varanasi Metro

The Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation Limited is proposing to build the Varanasi Metrolite urban Light Rail Transit (LRT) system, which will have two lines and 26 stations (UPMRCL).

This metro project is expected to cost Rs 7,000 crores.

Also Read About-Top 10 On Going Mega Projects In World

Bareilly Metro

In the city Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, a rapid transit system called the Bareilly Metro is being developed. Six Metro Rail lines will make up the entire network, which will connect the city’s metropolitan area to neighbouring satellite cities.

Also Read About-12 Upcoming Mega Projects in West Bengal

Ghaziabad Metro

The Ghaziabad Development Authority (GDA) is intending to install environmentally friendly Metro Neo systems on three routes in Ghaziabad after consulting with Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (Maha Metro).

Also Read About-Top 10 On Going Mega Projects In World

This week, the Maha Metro team will deliver its findings and initial report to the Ghaziabad Development Authority. Given that the Metro Neo system will cost roughly Rs 80 crores per km, it might fall within GDA’s budget.

Delhi Varanasi High Speed Rail Corridor

With 12 stations and a projected cost of Rs. 1.21 lakh crore, the 865 km Delhi-Varanasi High-Speed Rail (DVHSR Bullet Train) project would connect Delhi with Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.

A 135 kilometre line connecting Lucknow and Ayodhya is part of the project.

Also Read About-12 Upcoming Mega Projects in West Bengal

The Diamond Quadrilateral project includes this route, which will eventually be extended to Patna, Bihar, and Kolkata, West Bengal.

Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor

India’s broad gauge Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor, often known as Eastern DFC, is currently being built. The railway will connect Khurja in Uttar Pradesh with Dankuni (near Kolkata) in West Bengal via Ludhiana in Punjab. The Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCIL), a public-sector entity (PSU) under the Ministry of Railways, is building this railway route as one of many freight corridors. The majority of the Eastern DFC will have twin tracks and be electrified, however because to space constraints, the 365 km from Ludhiana to Khurja will only have a single line of electrification.

Also Read About-12 Upcoming Mega Projects in West Bengal

A total of 1,839 kilometres will be covered by this freight corridor. This corridor has a 46 km branch line that connects Dadri (Gautam Buddha Nagar district) on the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor with Khurja (Bulandshahr district) on the Eastern DFC (Western DFC).

923 km, or 50% of the Eastern DFC, have been finished as of June 2022, and 99% of the necessary land has been purchased. By March 2023, the Eastern DFC is anticipated to be finished.

Uttar Pradesh Defence Corridor

An aspirational initiative called UP DIC aims to lessen India’s Aerospace & Defense Sector’s reliance on imports. On August 11, 2018, it was announced that 3700 crores of rupees would be invested in the development of defence.

The key agency for carrying out this project in collaboration with numerous other state agencies is the Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority (UPEIDA). The planning for this project involved six nodes: Lucknow, Jhansi, Kanpur, Chitrakoot, Agra, and Aligarh.

The project’s initial goal was to establish Uttar Pradesh as one of the most significant and cutting-edge Defense manufacturing hubs and to promote it internationally

Also Read About-Top 10 On Going Mega Projects In World.

YEIDA City

One of Delhi NCR’s largest real estate hotspots is The YEIDA City.

Along with the Yamuna Expressway, the YEIDA City is a brand-new greenfield project that is being built on a 25000-hectare land area. This has resulted in modern development with improved infrastructure and services. YEIDA City will complement the Greater Noida real estate growth once this project is finished.

Also Read About-12 Upcoming Mega Projects in West Bengal

Ken Betwa River Linking Project

One of the 30 river interlinking projects that have been proposed around the nation is the Ken Betwa river project. Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman declared a sizable budget allocation of Rs 44,605 crore for this ambitious river interlinking project in the Union Budget 2022–23, which was announced on February 1, 2022.

This action would give a major boost to the construction of this planned infrastructure project, which is anticipated to benefit irrigation for around 9 lakh hectares of farmland, provide drinking water for 62 lakh people, and generate 103 MW of hydropower and 27 MW of solar electricity.

The 13 district, drought-prone Bundelkhand region will profit from the Ken Betwa project. The project will probably be finished in eight years.

Also Read About-Top 10 On Going Mega Projects In World

Purvanchal Industrial Corridor

Twelve areas along the Purvanchal Expressway have been chosen by the government to develop regional industries. According to a senior state government official, these units will be unique to that district or region in order to assure the region’s overall development.

For the Purvanchal Expressway Industrial Corridor project, the districts of Barabanki, Amethi, Sultanpur, Jaunpur, Azamgarh, Ghazipur, Mau, Ayodhya, Gorakhpur, Ambedkar Nagar, Ballia, and Sant Kabir Nagar have been chosen.

As part of its aim to establish industrial parks along all e-ways, the government has also chosen to establish industrial parks alongside the expressway.

Also Read About- 12 Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar

Multimodal Transport Hub, Boraki

The Multi Modal Transport HUB [MMTH] at Boraki is intended to serve as the hub of Greater Noida’s growth.

Multiple modes of transportation are combined to form MMTH. An Interstate Bus Terminus (ISBT) and a Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) are additional additions to a cutting-edge railway terminus.

Also Read About-Top 10 On Going Mega Projects In World

This integrated railway hub will include an office building, a shopping centre, and hotels in addition to being built to the highest possible standards.

12 Upcoming Mega Projects in West Bengal that will completely reshape the State’s Economy!

In Tajpur, West Bengal’s East Midnapore district, a new greenfield deep-sea port called Tajpur Port project is being proposed. The port will be constructed close to Tajpur on the Bay of Bengal coast. In September 2022, the Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Limited was given the contract to build the port. It will be West Bengal’s first deep-sea port once the port is completed. The port’s construction is expected to cost approx INR 25,000 crores, according to estimates.

Also read about- 12 Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar(2023) That will Certainly Boost the Economy

According to a statement by the state administration, the port’s net draft with tidal support would be approximately 16 metres, allowing Cape-sized ships with DWTs of 100,000 tonnes to reach the planned port.

According to estimates, the port’s construction will cost INR 25,000 crore. The port will receive a INR15,000 crore investment. 10,000 crore more will be required for infrastructural development, which will be overseen by the respective ports. More than one lakh employment will be created indirectly, and roughly 25,000 jobs will be created directly.

Kolkata Siliguri Expressway

Kolkata Siliguri Expressway is another mega project that is currently under construction the West Bengal.

The central government will invest Rs 25,000 crore to complete the project.

Compared to the current route, which is 560-odd kilometres long, the four-laned highway corridor will be 675 kilometres long.

The current travel time between Kolkata and Siliguri is between 15 and 18 hours, sometimes even longer.

The new expressway will cut the distance between Siliguri and Kolkata’s travel time in half, to around seven hours.

Also read about- 12 Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar(2023) That will Certainly Boost the Economy

For trade and commerce, the Siliguri-Kolkata route is essential, not only for West Bengal but also for the neighbouring countries of Nepal and Bhutan. Siliguri serves as a commercial harbour for Darjeeling Hills and Sikkim as well.

Kolkata Trolley Buses

The West Bengal Transport Corporation (WBTC) recently declared their intention to deploy the trolley bus system as a mode of transportation in Kolkata along the city’s closed tram routes.

If you’re wondering what a trolley bus system is, it’s almost the same as the Neo-metro concept being developed at the moment in Nashik, Maharashtra. This bus has rubber tyres, overhead cables for charging, and presumably an electric battery to power it. The technique is already in use throughout the world, particularly in European nations like Turkey and Switzerland.

If you didn’t know, Kolkata is still the only city in India with a functioning tram system, although the majority of it has been closed or is going to be discontinued due to subpar maintenance, antiquated equipment, and expensive operating costs.

Also read about- 10 Mega Projects In India Currently Ongoing

Kalyani Airport

After Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport, the Airport Authority of India (AAI) is evaluating Kalyani as the best location to build a second city airport.

When the centre makes its final decision later this year about where to build the new city airport, the town may be viewed as the most apparent option because to its proximity to Kolkata and adequate motorable communication.

Also read about- 10 Mega Projects In India Currently Ongoing

To the centre, the Airport Authority of India made it clear that it wants the new airport to be operational by 2030.

A new city airport is now necessary because of the increase in travellers, especially from the domestic market. The current terminal currently serves 18.5 million passengers annually, and by 2030, that number is anticipated to reach 26 million.

The AAI has already made the decision to build extra terminals for all of the major metropolitan airports in the nation in light of this.

In Navi Mumbai, there will soon be a second airport for Mumbai. Greater Noida will soon have an airport that will serve as IGI’s secondary airport in New Delhi. A site for a second airport has recently been found by the Tamil Nadu government close to Chennai.

Varanasi Ranchi Kolkata Expressway

The development of the 6-lane Kolkata Ranchi Varanasi expressway is a greenfield project with a completely new alignment. There is a possibility of future lane extensions, according to certain publications. The expressway’s right-of-way will only extend 100 metres along the entire span.

The Varanasi Ranchi Kolkata Expressway will be about 610 kilometres long overall.

The estimated cost of this expressway’s civil construction is INR 25,000 crore, while an additional INR 10,000 crore will be needed for land acquisition. Therefore, the Varanasi-Kolkata Expressway’s total construction cost would be approximately INR 35,000 crore.

Raxaul Haldia Port Expressway

The Haldia-Raxaul Highway is a 650 km (400 km) planned upcoming green field access controlled expressway in West Bengal, Jharkhand, and Bihar. Raxaul will be connected to Haldia port.

The majority of Nepal’s trade is currently handled by Haldia port, although there is no established route connecting Haldia port to the Nepal-India border. It is proposed to build the Haldia-Raxaul Expressway in order to improve highway connections.

Also read about- 10 Mega Projects In India Currently Ongoing

The main goals of the 650 km long road are to increase exports from nearby regions and increase freight efficiency.

The overall cost of this project is estimated to approx INR 54,000 Crores.

Kolkata Metro Expansion

By 2026, the Kolkata Metro network aims to cover 100 kilometres. Within the following four years, the Kolkata Metro network is anticipated to expand to a length of roughly 100 kilometres. Phase 1 of the Joka to Esplanade and New Garia to the Kolkata airport sections would be included in this.

Also read about- 12 Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar(2023)

Sector V of Salt Lake, the city’s information technology centre, and the Salt Lake Stadium are connected by the first phase of the Kolkata East-West Metro corridor across a distance of 5.3 kilometres. Commercial connections between six above-ground stations were started, including those at Sector V, Karunamoyee, Central Park, City Center, Bengal Chemical, and Salt Lake Stadium. The solitary Kolkata Metro route, which ran from Noapara to Kavi Subhas for nearly 40 years, passed through 24 stations, 15 of which were subterranean.

Kolkata Airport Expansion

The terminal building will shortly be expanded by the Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International (NSCBI) Airport Authority in Kolkata to accommodate two million extra travellers.

As soon as international flights begin to operate, a project to expand both the domestic and international terminals, estimated to cost roughly Rs 130 crore, will begin. Due to the pandemic, international flights were halted.

Also read about- 12 Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar(2023)

Approximately 2.3 lakh square metres of land were used to develop the current terminal structure, which can accommodate up to 26 million passengers annually. It will be able to accommodate 28 million passengers annually after the expansion.

World Trade Center Kolkata

Greater Kolkata in the Indian state of West Bengal is home to the under-construction World Trade Centre Kolkata in the Rajarhat New Town neighbourhood. There will be two towers in it. It will be the highest World Trade Center ever constructed in India once it is finished.

Also read about- 12 Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar(2023)

The area is close to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport (Dumdum/Kolkata Airport), thus the Airport Authority of India must give it the necessary authorization to make sure it doesn’t interfere with the city’s air route. Convention dictates that a World Trade Center must be the highest tower in a certain city.

Dankuni Industrial Corridor

In order to benefit from the Amritsar-Dankuni freight corridor, which intends to increase trade and commerce between the eastern and northern portions of the country, the Mamata Banerjee administration will establish three dedicated industrial corridors in Bengal.

To increase industrial activity in the state, three specifically designated industrial corridors—Dankuni-Haldia, Dankuni-Kalyani, and Dankuni-Raghunathpur—will be built. West Bengal is presently concentrating on industrialization and job growth after establishing social protection programmes.

However, the pandemic caused a delay in the project. By the second half of 2022, the freight route is anticipated to be operational.

Dankuni will start serving as one of the state’s main land ports once the work on the freight route is finished. Due to a lack of land in and around Dankuni for the establishment of large companies, connecting land-rich locations with specialised corridors will undoubtedly aid in attracting investment.

Also read about- 12 Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar(2023)

Tajpur Purulia Industrial Corridor

West Bengal is constructing a 500-kilometer industrial corridor that runs from Purulia to the planned port city of Tajpur.

This corridor will serve the steel, iron ore, edible oil, cement, and other industries.
In terms of supply, the corridor will also take advantage of the deep sea port’s connectivity with the rest of Bengal and speed up the transportation of commodities.

The state government would take care of connectivity issues (from the port), such as the construction of roads and the installation of trains, to guarantee the existence of a “environment for enterprises to invest.”

Silicon Valley Hub Kolkata

The Bengal Silicon Valley Tech Hub is being established to draw investment to projects in IT, ITeS, and telecom with the potential to create jobs.

Bengal Silicon Valley in New Town, which is quickly developing into a satellite metropolis, has being pushed by West Bengal. In phase II, an additional 100 acres of land have been designated for expansion.

The West Bengal government is doing all possible to make sure that its Silicon Valley Tech Centre becomes the information technology hub of not only India but also the entire world, and has set aside an additional 100 acres of land for it.

12 Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar(2023) That will Certainly Boost the Economy

Trigger point dry needling is a technique increasingly used by physical therapists in the western world to treat musculoskeletal pain. It is thought to be a very effective way to treat people with acute or chronic musculoskeletal pain.

What Is Dry Needling, Exactly?

A therapeutic approach known as “dry needling” makes use of a needle without the use of any injectables, such as lidocaine or corticosteroids.

The doctor has the discretion to choose the best course of action for therapy.

A solid filament needle is used in physical therapy to benefit the musculoskeletal system. A “reset” is a common term used to describe this. Because it has been demonstrated to have favourable effects on the following:

• muscular movement
• an increased muscle’s ability to fire, contract, and maintain our skeletal system

Therefore, dry needling can be used to increase body mobility and function and decrease pain by combining the use of a solid filament needle with the physiotherapist’s advanced knowledge of the anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, and neurophysiology of the body.

Also read- SECRET OF A FIT PHILOSOPHY Healthy gluten free easy recipes !

Dry Needling Pros and Cons

Thinking if dry needling is a good approach for you? Here are the pros and cons of dry needling:

The Pros

Not as Invasive

In comparison to manual exercises and manual therapies, there’s no argument that dry needling is a much less invasive treatment. Hence, it’s suitable for patients that are unable to undertake manual exercises and therapies due to their condition.

Effective as an Alternative

Dry needling makes an effective pain-reducing alternative for those that are unable to tolerate surgeries, injections, and medication side effects.

Precise

The use of dry needling enables the therapist to target certain painful muscles. It is considerably more exact than many other treatments like manual therapy and stretching methods, which are both better used to treat broad areas than focus on a specific area.

Greater Recovery Speed

Dry needling has the potential to promote faster healing than other types of therapy.

It has been shown that using dry needling can both hasten the process of recovering from physical damage and aid in extending range of motion by encouraging blood flow to and around wounded tissues. In turn, this gives cells the nourishment they need to heal themselves.

As a result, there is a decrease in discomfort, swelling, pain, and muscular spasms.

Dry needling promotes quicker recovery because it lessens the production of scar tissue when tissues are injured.

Utilize in Addition to Other Therapies

To treat a variety of conditions, dry needling can be performed alone or in conjunction with other therapies.

Enhances Posture

The use of dry needling can aid in improving posture. Bad body mechanics, muscle imbalance, excessive bone and joint stress, and generalised body pain can all be effects of poor posture.

Also read- SECRET OF A FIT PHILOSOPHY Healthy gluten free easy recipes !

The Cons

There are certainly many advantages to dry needling, but there are also drawbacks that cannot be denied. Now let’s think about those drawbacks.

Injury

When performed improperly, the technique of dry needling can be harmful. This is due to the technique’s high level of precision.

Even when the procedure is used correctly, the patient may still sustain harm, especially if the treatment is administered to more delicate locations such those near the mouth or eyes.

Bruising and swelling

Needles that are inserted can result in edoema and bruising. Due to the risk of bruising, dry needling may not be recommended if you have thin skin or certain medical conditions.

Due to increased inflammation, dry needling can also shorten the duration of pain. But the intensity of the discomfort will almost certainly diminish after the first few days.

It is advisable to avoid dry needling in people with bleeding disorders since the needles might cause internal bleeding, which increases the risk of complications.

Potential Allergic Response

Titanium needles are required for dry needling. Some people may experience an allergic reaction to titanium, which could lead to rashes, itching, extreme redness, and swelling.

It is strongly advised to refrain from receiving additional dry needling treatments if you experience an allergic reaction because doing so could make your situation worse and even lead you to pass away from anaphylactic shock.

Also read- SECRET OF A FIT PHILOSOPHY Healthy gluten free easy recipes !

Short-term Pain

One of the benefits of dry needling? It provides quick outcomes. However, there is a higher level of discomfort and agony in the first few days following therapy, which can be very unsettling.

Dry needling can occasionally make a patient feel worse until their body starts to respond to the treatment better, which usually happens over the course of repeated treatments.

Costly

In the US, dry needling therapy typically costs $30 to $85; in the UK, it starts at £20 and goes up from there. Although not terribly expensive, there is a significant difference when compared to the cost of painkillers.

Due to the requirement for specific tools and professional permits, dry needling is more expensive. Although insurance companies frequently pay for these expenses, it may still be a problem if you, the patient, have only a restricted insurance plan.

Needs a Lot of Training

Dry needling is a highly skilled process that requires substantial training. Only medical professionals who have undergone the necessary training should use the procedure, such as physical therapists and doctors.

Additionally, as previously indicated, dry needling also calls for medical equipment that must be repeatedly sterilised and maintained, both of which raise the overall cost.

FAQ’s related to Dry Needling Pros and Cons

Is dry needling effective?

Dry needling is an extremely powerful method of therapy that has been shown to be beneficial in numerous clinical investigations.

What happens when a nerve is pinched by dry needling?

Even while direct nerve damage from needles used for acupuncture or dry needling are uncommon, they can be significant when they do happen, as was demonstrated in a research published in the Archives of Family Medicine.

Also read- SECRET OF A FIT PHILOSOPHY Healthy gluten free easy recipes !

What does plantar fasciitis dry needling cost?

The price of dry needling for Plantar Fasciitis can range from $44 to $85, depending on the practitioner.

Is dry needling similar to acupuncture?

Between the two, there are some parallels and distinctions. A solid filament needle is used by dry needling practitioners to aid in achieving the desired outcomes. The majority of acupuncture schools are founded on the rich legacy of Chinese medicine, however dry needling is solely based on the theories and findings of Western medicine. It is an additional tool for treating trigger points and dealing with myofascial limitations.

What conditions can dry needling be used to treat?

Dry needling can be used for a variety of musculoskeletal problems. Muscles are thought to be a primary contributing factor to the symptoms. Such conditions include (but are not limited to) neck, back, and shoulder pain, arm pain (tennis elbow, carpal tunnel, golfer’s elbow), headaches (including migraines and tension-type headaches), jaw pain, buttock pain, leg pain (sciatica, hamstrings strains, calf tightness/spasms), and foot and ankle pain. The treatment of muscles has the greatest effect on reducing pain mechanisms in the nervous system.

What type of conditions can dry needling treat?

Dry needling is ideal for those who suffer from chronic, long-term pain caused by repeated stress or injury.

However, dry needling therapy can also help people with acute pain brought on by transitory injury. Dry needling therapy is frequently sought after by those who have previously received manual physical therapy.

When trying to relieve pain and stress, dry needling is frequently the next step if these therapies have failed.

Numerous ailments can benefit from this type of physical therapy needling, including:

Chronic or long-term pain
Muscular strains
Ligament sprains
Neck pain
Muscle spasms
Lower back pain
Sciatica nerve pain
Shoulder pain and frozen shoulder syndrome
Tennis and golfer’s elbow
Plantar Fasciitis
Athletic stiffness or strain
Hip and glute pain
Knee pain
Achilles tendonitis
Headaches and migraines

Dry needling is suggested as a supplemental therapy to other conventional therapies for people who require intensive physical therapy.

Does dry needling hurt?

Dry needling does cause some discomfort, however this discomfort is just momentary and should disappear quickly. You should experience a brief sting of discomfort when the needle is inserted into a particular trigger point, but this should pass quickly.

As indicated before, the muscle should twitch in response to the dry needle being inserted. During the therapy session, this can occasionally cause a dull, deep discomfort or a cramping feeling in the targeted muscle.

Your muscles could feel sensitive or achy after receiving dry needling therapy. However, in general, this is a sign that the therapy was effective.

I hope this article had provided complete information on dry needling pros and cons and also what exactly is dry needling.

Also read- SECRET OF A FIT PHILOSOPHY Healthy gluten free easy recipes !

Friends, China has always been presenting challenges on the Line of Actual Control ie LAC, in such a situation, India has to deploy a large number of its troops on the LAC to deal with the challenges.

But in these areas with difficult roads and snowy hills, it is very challenging to deliver equipment and ammunition to the soldiers.

In such a situation, in view of these challenges, India is engaged in developing the road network from Jammu and Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh.

Also Read – 6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

Border Road Organization (BRO) works on many projects of road construction in these areas. One of these projects but very important is Project Himank.

In this article, we will discuss Project Himank and also know about BRO in detail.

We will also discuss the accomplishment of BRO registering its name in the Guinness World Records.

Project HIMANK Under Border Road Organization (BRO)

Friends, before discussing about Project Himank, let us know about the organization that has launched it to the ground reality and what is its role in the road development of India.

Well, we all know that roads play an important role in the development of any country where roads serve to connect one place to another. This makes the traffic flow easy and smooth. More accessible model facility in remote places with easy transportation makes it easy to reach.

At the same time, there are some roads that are vital arteries of national security and the responsibility for similar routes in India rests on the shoulders of BRO i.e. Border Roads Organization.

BRO deals with the construction and management of roads networks in the border areas of India. It is an integral part of the Indian Army as well as an organization of road construction.

Through BRO, the work of development and maintenance of road networks in the border areas and friendly neighboring countries of India is done.

The Border Roads Organization was established on 7 May 1960 and back then, BRO started working on 2 projects and these projects were Tuskar Project and Beacon Project.

Later, the name of Project Tuskar was changed to Project Vartak.

Project Tuskar was started on 7 May 1960 for the development of roads, bridge, tunnels, and airfields for the strategic and socio-economic development of the North Eastern region of India, while Project Beacon was started on 18 May 1960 for the development of the western region of the country.

Under this, the work of road development was started in the inaccessible area of ​​Jammu and Kashmir.

At present, more than a dozen projects are being worked on by BRO.

The specialty of BRO is that it takes special care of environmental protection at the time of road development.

BRO is involved in large-scale work to facilitate the access of the Indian Army to the border with Pakistan i.e. Line of Control (LoC) and the border with China i.e. Line of Actual Control (LAC).

The Border Road Organization has proven its success all over the world.

BRO has registered its name in the Guinness World Records by building the World’s Highest Motorable Road in Eastern Ladakh at an altitude of 19300 feet.

India has broken the record of the road in Bolivia whose height is 18953 feet

Situated in Bolivia, this 64 km long road is also known as the Road of Death.

This road in Bolivia is slippery, so while driving on it, the tires of the vehicles sleep towards the bottom.

Sometimes due to this the vehicles fall into the ditch hundreds of feet below.

And every year about 300 people lose their lives due to accidents on this road.

But the Chisumle-Demchok road of Ladakh is very well built
It is made from coal tar and is developed under Himank project.

Also Read – 6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

The most important thing is that this road has been made by beating the height of both the basecamps located on the world’s highest peak i.e. Mount Everest.

The height of the North Base Camp of Mount Everest, located in Tibet, is 16900 feet, while the height of the South Base Camp of Mount Everest located in Nepal is 17598 feet.

Whereas the height of Mount Everest is 29032 feet, that is, the height of Mount Everest from this road is 9732 feet.

The height of the same Siachen Glacier is 17700 feet while Khardung La pass in Leh is located at an altitude of 17582 feet.

The height of all these is being told to you so that you can get an idea of ​​the height of this motorable road.

Details of Project HIMANK

So friends, now let’s understand Project Himank in a little more detail and discuss each aspect of it.

Friends, Border Road Organization (BRO) has built the world’s highest road near the Line of Actual Control (LAC) adjacent to Eastern Ladakh and this road is built on the Umlingala Pass.

The most important thing is that this road has been built near the Demchok area, between India and China.

This move of India has increased the concerns of China and with the completion of this road, connectivity has increased in areas like Demchok and Hanley of Eastern Ladakh, as well as this will accelerate the movement of the Indian Army.

Let us tell you that there have been many conflicts between the Indian and Chinese army in Dam Chowk.

In August 2022, China had stopped Indian Shepherds in these areas, to which the Indian Army had strongly objected.

A meeting was also held on 26 August 2022 between the armies of both countries regarding this matter in which the matter was resolved.

Although there has been a dispute between India and China on the LAC since 1962, but in Eastern Ladakh, the dispute started in April and May 2020.

After this, on June 15, 2020, a violent clash is seen between the soldiers of India and China in Galvan Valley, in which 20 Indian soldiers were martyred, while 40 to 45 soldiers of China had to lose their lives.

China has already developed its own road network near the Line of Actual Control and had built its first highway G219 in the Aksai Chin region in 1955, while now China is going to build its second highway G695 in this region.

Also Read – 6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

Due to the road network, Chinese soldiers keep patrolling on LAC by road easily, while India does not have road network facility in this region, due to which Indian soldiers have been facing a lot of trouble.

In such a situation, since the past few decades, India has also accelerated the development of road network in these inaccessible areas in the last few years.

The Defense Ministry had given an information during the monsoon session in Parliament in 2022 that in the last 5 years, China has built the longest road on the border.

The Border Road Organization (BRO) in India has done the work of building an all-weather road on the border of the country.

According to the information given in the Lok Sabha, 2088 km of roads have been built in the areas adjoining the Chinese border, on which Rs 15477 crore has been spent.

At the same time, India has also started the work of constructing five major roads on LAC in Eastern Ladakh and BRO is engaged in completing these projects

These include the  roads from Khal Se to Batalik up to 78 km
50 kms from Kargil to Dunglim
70 kms from Khalsar to Agam Shyok
and road from Tangse to Lukum that covers 31 kilometer

According to the Defense Ministry, these projects also include upgrading the single-lane main road to double lane.

The construction of Hanuthang-Handenbroke-Zungpal-Turtuk road will provide inter-valley connectivity between Hanuthang-Handenbroke and Zungpal-Turtuk road

This will reduce the travel time on this route from 9 hours to 3.5 hours without crossing the Khardung La pass.

At the same time, the Border Road Organization started a project in August 1985, which was named Project Himank.

Also Read – 6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

This project has been entrusted with the important task of infrastructure development in the Ladakh region.

Project Himank has been at the forefront of the development of Roads, bridges, tunnels, and airfields on both the Line of Control with Pakistan and the Line of Actual Control with China.

In present, Project Himank is looking after more than 3000 km of road network in the entire Ladakh region.

Earlier, road construction work has been completed at Khardungla Pass at a height of 17900 feet and Chang La pass at a height of 17695 feet under Project Himank.

Now in this series, BRO has achieved another achievement by doing road construction on Umlingala Pass.

Himank Project insures India’s access to sensitive military areas like Siachen Glacier and Pangong Lake and the world’s highest battleground

The Himank project has been a very difficult task, in fact, the peaks on which these roads are being constructed, snow remains frozen for a long time in a year and in such a situation, it can be worked on only properly for 4 months.

The same heavy snow and extreme cold make this road construction work even more difficult.

It was such a difficult task that in the line of duty in Ladakh between 1987 and 2002, 124 soldiers associated with the Himank project were martyred, including five officers.

According to the spokesperson of BRO, the length of the Chisumle-Demchok road is 52 km, this road is strategically very important.

The road connects Chisumle and Demchok Villages, passing through Hanley.

This region is located at a distance of 230 km from Leh.

According to Brigadier DM Purvimath, Chief Engineer of Project Himank, the climate of this region has always been unfavourable and challenging for construction activities.

Also Read- 12 Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar(2023) That will Certainly Boost the Economy

The temperature here during summer is 10 to 20 ° C, while in winter the temperature reaches minus 40 ° C, so it has a great impact on the workers and machines working here.

Officers, jawans and workers associated with Project Himank have built these roads by risking their lives.

The situation was that at every 10 minute interval, the operators had to come down after turning off the machine so that he could take proper oxygen.

It is a fact that there is a lack of oxygen at high altitudes, due to which there is difficulty in breathing there.

At the same time, at a height of 19300 feet, the oxygen level is reduced by 50 percent compared to normal locations.

Many workers and officers had to face health problems like memory loss, eyesight problem and high blood pressure due to working in adverse weather condition in Himank project but considering the importance of this road for country army and local people, the project Himank’s officers and workers worked hard day and night by risking their lives.

The workers and officers involved in the construction work were thoroughly trained before the project, after which their bodies were made adapted to the local weather and climate in 3 steps

First they were kept in Leh and then in Shakti and then in Numa.

The workers and officers who were involved in the project were kept completely healthy

Also Read- 12 Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar(2023) That will Certainly Boost the Economy

Conclusion for Project HIMANK

Friends, the dispute about the border between India and China is quite old.

Both countries share a border of 3488 km.
China has increased its conductivity in these regions for a long time and it has been interfering in the Indian region.

In such a situation, India is also focused on improving connectivity in the regions near the Chinese border, while in view of the ongoing conflict on the LAC, infrastructure development projects including roads, bridge, and tunnel have increased significantly in Ladakh sector as well.

BRO has set a target to complete all 61 Strategic Roads along the China Border by December 2022 to facilitate the movement of Soldiers and their troops to such challenging places.

The same project Himank will provide great convenience to the people in Ladakh region, as well as the road to be built under this project will enhance the socio-economic status of this region and will also promote tourism in Ladakh.

So friends this was the story of Project Himank

In this article, we learned how BRO built the world’s highest roads under Project Himank.

Friends, according to you, which was the most difficult project of BRO under Project Himank, definitely tell us.

10 Mega Projects In India Currently Ongoing 2022 That are going to Boost Economy for Sure

It is a fact that Bihar is India’s 3rd most populous state and it is the only state in India to have the youngest population when compared to other states. During ancient times, the Bihar state was considered as a center of power. center for learning and center for culture but due to the corrupted politics, bad governance, etc the progress and development of Bihar state got affected adversely leading to the poor growth of the region. This is the reason why even today more than 60% of Bihar’s population still resides in rural areas.

It has been observed that in past few years, the government has changed its approach toward the development of the state. The state government and central government are currently working to build a world-class infrastructure system throughout the region. In this article, we will be looking at some of the upcoming and under-construction mega infrastructure projects in Bihar.

Also read- 10 Ongoing Mega Projects In India

1. Aurangabad Darbhanga Jainagar Expressway (Amas Darbhanga Expressway)

The 230 km Amas-Darbhanga Expressway, which will be built by the NHAI, will mostly have a green field alignment, access restricted, and be 4-6 lanes. The main goal of the planned project is to provide connection to isolated areas and important cities while reducing the distance and travel time between NH- 2 to NH-57 and North-Bihar to South Bihar.

Also read- 10 Ongoing Mega Projects In India

2. Patna Kolkata Expressway

Departing from Dhalkuni, the Patna-Kolkata Expressway will travel through Patna (Bakhtiarpur), Nalanda (Biharsharif), Sheikhpura, Jamui (Sikandra and Chakai), Katoria of Banka, Madhupur, Durgapur, and Panagarh. From Sikdara, Chakai, Bihar Sharif will enter Devipur in the Jharkhand district of Deoghar.

The proposed four-lane road between AIIMS and Devipur will be connected by this expressway as it travels towards Madhupur from Devipur. As a result, Deoghar’s connections to Bihar and Bengal will be improved.

This new greenfield highway would replace the outdated, congested National Highway NH-2 under Bharatmala Pariyojana Phase-II. The doors to development will also open once it is finished.

Also read- 10 Ongoing Mega Projects In India that will boost the economy

3. Raxaul Haldia Port Expressway

The expressway connecting Raxaul with Kolkata via Patna will enable very quick transportation of products from North Bihar to Bengal. Exporters in Nepal will benefit greatly from this road since they will have very quick access to the ports of Haldia and Kolkata.

Currently, it takes more than 24 hours to get from Raxaul, a border town between India and Nepal, to Kolkata through the pathetically maintained National Highway 28A. The eight-lane motorway under consideration will reduce travel time to eight hours or even less.

Also read- 6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

This expressway will increase trade with Nepal and be a blessing for importers and exporters in that country. Additionally, it will facilitate the movement of agricultural and other products from North and Central Bihar to Bengal and provide manufacturers and farmers with simple access to seaports and marketplaces in Bengal.

4. Buxar Bhagalpur Expressway

This greenfield expressway will certainly provide the people of South Bihar, including those living in Patna, a better and enhanced connectivity with less travel time to the Uttar Pradesh state’s capital city Lucknow and the National capital Delhi.

5. Patna Ring Road

The 130 Kilometer Patna Outer Ring Road is a major road project in Bihar’s state capital. One of the most expensive ring roads in the nation, it will cost 15000 crores ($2.1 billion). With two enormous bridges over the Ganga river, including the 9.76 km Kacchi Dargah-Bidupur Bridge and the 9.44 km Sherpur-Dighwara Bridge, it is likely to be a 4–6 lane ring road.

Also read- 6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

6. Nalanda International Cricket Stadium

Rajgir International Stadium, also known as Nalanda International Cricket Stadium, is a sports facility currently being built in Rajgir, Bihar. The Bihar cricket team will call this venue home after construction is complete. The stadium will have a total seating capacity of 45,000. When the stadium is finished, it will be the biggest and most advanced stadium in Bihar. The sports complex is being built so that it may be utilised for other sports like football in addition to being used for cricket.

Also read- 6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

7. Science City Patna

This Science City honours Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, a renowned former president and visionary who voiced a desire to build a cutting-edge science city in Patna. He was one of the greatest scientists of his time. This projected science centre represents the Kalam Sahab i.e. People’s president’svision.

Exploring how science is used in the world around them can help visitors feel inspired, empowered, and educated. The historical and contemporary backdrop of Bihar, India, and the entire world will form the foundation of The Science City. This science city is built on sustainability, borrowing a concept from his previous talk on “Creating a Livable Planet Earth.”

Also read- 6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

8. Mahatma Gandhi Setu Parallel Bridge

The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) has replaced the old superstructure of the 39-year-old Gandhi Setu, which is regarded as a “lifeline” connecting north and south Bihar over the Ganga, with a steel deck superstructure.

After the renovation work began in February 2017, union minister Gadkari opened the western edge of the bridge on July 31, 2020, via video conference.

On the western bank of Gandhi Setu, a four-lane bridge is also planned to be built parallel to the Setu. The projected bridge is a component of the special Bihar package that Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled ahead of the state’s 2015 legislative elections. It is 5.63 kilometres in length from Zero Mile in Patna to Ramashish Chowk in Hajipur, and 14.5 kilometres in total when the approach roads on either side are included.
By 2024, the new bridge is expected to be completed.

9. Patna Metro

The Patna Metro Rail Project is a state-approved rapid transit system for the city of Patna in the state of Bihar. The Patna Metro Rail Corporation will own and operate the system (PMRC). The Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model will be used to construct it.

Cost estimates range from Rs. 13411.77 crore to Rs. Depending on the project’s final cost estimate, the state government and the centre would each contribute 20% of the total cost as a viability gap fund. The commercial corporation responsible for building the Metro Rail would cover the remaining sum.

10.  Patna Airport Expansion

A 1,730-metre-long Parallel Taxi Track will be built at Jaiprakash Narayan International Airport, Patna at an estimated cost of Rs. 63 crore. The runway’s new aeroplane handling capability will be three times greater than the one it now has. The Patna airport now operates 10 flights per hour, comprising five arrival flights and five departure flights.

6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

11. AIIMS, Darbhanga

According to reports, the Central Finance Ministry has granted a Rs 1264 crore investment for the Darbhanga AIIMS. Now that this fund has been established, it is a certain that Darbhanga will soon have an AIIMS, a super speciality hospital.

According to the Health Ministry’s principal project report, the hospital would have 750 beds in total, and it will cost an estimated Rs. 1264 crore to build them.

It would be the second AIIMS in Bihar once the construction of Darbhanga AIIMS gets completed.

12. Vikramshila Setu Paralel Bridge

The 68-pillared, 4.367-km-long bridge will be built around 50 metres to the east of the Vikramshila Setu. The project’s design, procurement, construction, commissioning, and handover to the end-user or owner are all said to be based on the engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) model.

Recently, the MoRTH (Ministry of Road, Transport, and Highways) authorised its tender for Rs. 995 crore.

These are some of the Upcoming Mega Projects in Bihar that are going to help Boosting the states growth and economy.

Other Big Projects in Bihar

Apart from the list of the projects mentioned above, Following are some other big projects that are under pipeline.

10 Mega Projects In India Currently Ongoing 2022 That are going to Boost Economy for Sure

On going infrastructure works-

1. Planetarium, Darbhanga
2. Cultural Cum Conventional Centre, Bodhgaya
3. International University, Patna
4. Apparel & Textile Park Patna
5. Munger Ganga Bride
6. Arrah Mohinia Highway
7. Sasaram Arrah Patna Highway
8. Lok Nayak Ganga Path
9. Bakhtiyar Tajpur Bridge
10. Kacchi Dargah Bidupur Bridge
11. Sahib Ganj Manihari Bridge
12. Bihta Airport
13. Mokama 6 lane Bridge
14. Bheja Bakaur Kosi Bridge
15. Rajgir Wildlife Centaury
16. Patna Arrah Buxar 4 lane Road
17. Patna PMCH New Building
18. Chhapra Medical College
19. Kosi River Bridge
20. Gaya Junction Redevelopment
21. Begusarai Railway Station
22. Muzaffarpur Junction Redevelopment
23. Rajendra Nagar Terminal
24. Muzaffarpur Airport
25. Purnea Airport
26. Forbesganj Airport
27. Raxaul Airport

Whether you want a carpet, tile, or wood cover, A self leveling compound (SLC) offers a firm, flat surface on which to lay your flooring. Despite its many benefits, SLC can be pricey, which frequently leads homeowners to look for less priced options. What are some effective, less expensive substitutes for self-leveling compound then?

The sand mix is one of the less expensive options to a self-leveling compound. You can use a sand mix to level up inequalities in your floor by combining sand and cement. However, sand mix won’t spread uniformly on its own, unlike the original product. To level it out, you will need a flat implement like a trowel. But that’s a lot of work. However, using sand mix will save you some money if that is acceptable with you.

SLC is unquestionably the best for producing a level surface. But the price is higher than most of us are willing to pay. Fortunately, there are numerous less expensive options that can perfectly fill its position. Yes, you can get the surface you want without going broke with a little bit of knowledge and work. Continue reading to find out more about getting a level, smooth surface without using self-leveling compound.

Also read –6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

Cheapest Way to Level Concrete Floor

A sand mixture can be used to quickly and affordably level a concrete floor. The sand mix is a composition that, despite being less expensive, has the correct consistency to produce results that are on par with SLC standards. However, as was already mentioned, since it doesn’t flow evenly on its own, levelling will require a little extra time and effort.

Let’s first clarify how SLC functions for the benefit of those who are unfamiliar with it before moving on. SLC is a particular kind of cement that includes polymers. The viscosity changes to that of a liquid when combined with water. It is applied by pouring on an uneven floor; as it spreads unevenly, it will eventually solidify into a level surface.

The benefit of SLC is that it levels the playing field without requiring any specialised knowledge or expertise. As long as they adhere to the directions on the container, anyone can complete it. The only drawback is that it might be costly, particularly for large projects.

And certainly, sand mix is a competitive option to SLC when it comes to cost. Without further ado, let’s begin with the techniques for inexpensively levelling concrete floors.

1. Prepare the floor first

I am aware that you are particularly curious about the application process itself. However, you must first prepare the floor before we arrive there. Make sure it is clean and clear of grease, oil, and grime. Remove any more materials that may be loose. If necessary, you can clean the floor with a power washer.

2. Choose The Right Sand Mix

Make sure the sand mix you’ll use is the proper kind before you start putting the concrete. If not, levelling will be difficult and may not produce the intended results. One part Portland cement to three parts sand is a workable ratio. And as always, you can seek advice from the professionals.

Also read –6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

3. Start spreading.

It’s time to sprinkle the right sand mixture across the floor after you have it. Since it won’t flow evenly, that is where the sand mix differs dramatically from SLC. For the former, you’ll need to level it out as you go using a trowel or another flat implement.

It will require some work, especially if you’re covering a large region. But if you’re persistent and patient, you’ll be able to accomplish your goals and ultimately save a sizable sum of money.

4. Include Water

Bringing in water is the next step once spreading has been completed. Apply water to the floor with a garden hose. You should approach it as gently as you can. Otherwise, using excessive effort will wash the sand mixture away, requiring you to start over. Make sure the hose is adjusted to a light spray, then.

5. Allow the surface to air dry.

It’s time to let the surface dry after wetting it. Depending on the local climate’s temperature and humidity, this process will take a different amount of time. In contrast, make sure the entire region is dry, not just a few isolated places.

Placing your palm on the floor will allow you to quickly determine if it has already dried. After giving the surface a day to soak, you can proceed. If the floor is still wet, you must give it more time to properly dry. Recheck your findings in 12 hours. Make sure that the entire area is dry before moving on to the next step.

Also read –6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

6. Get Rid of Any Loose Sand.

The next step is to clean up any sand remnants left on the floor once it has dried. Use a bristled brush to accomplish this. Any particles that are still adhered to the surface will be helped to release. To prevent damaging the floor, be sure to handle this lightly.
Again, though, this step is not always necessary. After the floor dries off, if there aren’t any sand fragments, nothing needs to be removed.

Can I Use Drywall Compound as a Floor Leveler?

Yes, you can use drywall compound to level the floor, and drywall will work just fine as a support beneath your tiles or other flooring. However, use of drywall compound has several drawbacks. Therefore, consider all the options before choosing if it’s the best course of action for you.

Also read –6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

You see, there are many solutions available to you, like drywall compound, for levelling your floor. The reason why most people favour drywall compound is because it is significantly less expensive, which is what homeowners on a limited budget frequently look for.

However, you should be aware that drywall is absorbent. Therefore, it would be a terrible idea to use it in a bathroom or other area that is likely to become wet. You definitely don’t want your floor to start absorbing water and developing mould.

The fact that utilising drywall is less durable than alternative levelling options is another another drawback. To put it another way, drywall compound will quickly degrade over time. Your tiles or any other type of flooring material will break as a result of the absence of support when that occurs.

Therefore, only use drywall as a floor leveller in places that won’t be exposed to dampness or water on a regular basis. If not, you can find yourself having to replace your flooring earlier than you anticipated.

However, if you have the extra money, we advise using floor levellers or sand mixture instead. Although they cost more up front, you’ll find that over time they end up costing less because they are more durable.

Can Cement Be Used as Self-Leveling?

No, cement by itself cannot serve as a self-leveling surface. Because it lacks the strength that sand adds, cement used alone will dry up and crack. Therefore, it wouldn’t be a good idea to level your floor with cement. It works well for making slurries but not for self-leveling.

We all understand that when cement and water are combined, strength is created. It’s not simply water, that’s for sure. You need to combine cement and sand in order to create a sturdy foundation.

The glue that will keep everything together is going to be sand. Cement’s strength and stability come from it.

Consequently, mix cement and sand if you plan to use cement to level your floor. Otherwise, you’ll just have a floor that is uneven and damaged. That is definitely not what you want in your house. So be careful to avoid cement the next time you’re seeking for a self-leveling solution. It won’t fulfil the task.

However, cement alone can be sufficient for filling seams, cracks, and occasionally modest plastering projects. It’s significantly thinner consistency making it perfect for these kinds of uses. But always combine cement and sand for self-leveling surfaces.

Also read –6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

Can I Use Grout as a Floor Leveler?

No, grout cannot be used to level a floor. In between-tile joints or cracks, grout is typically filled. It’s not intended to be used as a compound that self-levels. Grout is inappropriate for levelling floors because it lacks the ideal characteristics for such operations.

To begin with, grout is essentially a combination of water, sand, and cement. It is not comparable to mortar. Grout differs in that it has a considerably thinner consistency, which is why joints are frequently filled with it.

Although some people continue to use grout to level floors, the fact is that it wasn’t really intended for that purpose. It lacks the qualities that would make it the best material for levelling. Grout, for example, lacks the binding strength required for such applications.

Therefore, using grout as your self-leveling product will result in poor surface adhesion as well as easy cracking and crumbling over time. So, be sure to choose a suitable self-leveling compound if you want a strong and long-lasting floor.

Conclusion

The best approach to level your floor and get a smooth, even surface is with a self leveling compound. However, some people choose less expensive options due to its high price. Fortunately, we have solutions for that, such a sand mix. It does function as a less expensive alternative, but you must trowel the surface for it to function.

A different choice is drywall compound. But it also needs some troweling, exactly like the sand mixture. Even worse, it isn’t as resilient as sand mix and may even start to grow mould over time, especially if you use it in bathrooms and other wet environments. So the sand mix is your best option if you’re searching for an affordable yet reliable self-leveling solution.

I hope this article on “Cheaper Alternative To Self Leveling Compound” helped you with your problems.

Also read –6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

Top 10 On Going Mega Projects In World 2022 That You Must Know About

The best mortgage broker will assist you in locating the loan with the most favourable interest rate. But not all brokers are good. Some dishonest mortgage brokers may attempt to take advantage of you because they are paid a portion of the loan amount. Knowing the tricks dishonest brokers employ will help you spot the warning signs and get out of sticky situations before you lose money. Although most brokers are trustworthy businesspeople, it’s crucial to spot the dishonest ones.

Many people are reluctant to use mortgage brokers now because of the 2008 housing crisis. Numerous people were exposed for exploiting their clients and steering them towards pricey mortgages they couldn’t afford. Regrettably, certain regions still have brokers who engage in such activities.

Also read about- 6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

However, hiring a mortgage broker might be a wise financial decision for you. A broker should ideally help you discover a loan that best suits your needs and ease the home-buying process. However, you should be aware of some dubious strategies that fraudulent brokers employ to fleece their clients of their money. Learn how a mortgage broker can defraud you, how to spot when a broker is doing so, and whether working with a broker is beneficial by continuing to read.

What exactly is a mortgage broker?

A mortgage broker serves as a go-between between a borrower and a lender to facilitate a seamless transaction. Ethical mortgage brokers gather data from lenders and borrowers, look for the best loans for their customers, and conduct real estate deals. Finding a loan with the most favourable terms and interest rates can enable you to purchase the house of your dreams, make the required monthly payments, and prevent foreclosure.

Using a mortgage broker has many benefits, but you should be aware of the dubious business practises that less ethical brokers use. You can prevent being ripped off in this way. To choose a competent broker, you need also review and contrast them.

How do mortgage brokers get paid?

Typically, mortgage brokers are compensated as a percentage of the loan amount. They receive between 1% and 2% of the purchase price from the buyer or lender.

In order to persuade a borrower to accept a high mortgage rate, an unethical mortgage broker may accept a large fee from a lender. This would imply that the borrower pays an interest rate above what is typical in the market. By adding another middleman to the transaction, using a mortgage broker might raise costs. Even after accounting for the additional fees, some brokers can still help you save money by locating a better bargain.

Also read about- 6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

Mortgage Origination Fees and Estimated Costs according to the Survey of lenders and industry reports

Ways How Mortgage Brokers Rip You Off

Hidden fees

The interest rate is probably false if it seems too good to be true. Indicators of possible hidden costs include interest rates that are much lower than the rest of the market. These costs are added by unethical lenders in a few different methods. One method is for the lender to tack on extra charges once an agreement has been reached. Another way how Mortgage Brokers Rip You Off is for the lender to inform customers that they are no longer eligible for the loan amount that was initially proposed and approved.

Also read about- 6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

Ask your broker to explain all the costs you’re agreeing to and lock in your rate to avoid being hit with such charges. Make sure you get a loan estimate and a confirmation of the rate lock. You’ll be able to do this to contrast the rates offered by your lender with those of other lenders.

Steering (How Mortgage Brokers Rip You Off)

When a mortgage broker tries to persuade a consumer to choose a pricey subprime loan even when they match the requirements for prime loans, this is known as steering.

Loan flipping

When the lender convinces the borrower to refinance several times, this practise is known as loan flipping. This results in fees for the lender each time and increases the borrower’s debt by a sizeable amount. When borrowers refinance their homes repeatedly, they receive little to no profit and that’s another way how Mortgage Brokers Rip You Off.

Adding services that are of No Need

Avoid brokers who try to get you to purchase unnecessary services or add-ons, such as single-premium life insurance for a mortgage.

Not disclosing hidden prepayment penalties

Another way how Mortgage Brokers Rip You Off are Some mortgages feature prepayment penalties, which means you pay a fee if you pay off your mortgage early. Prepayment penalties must be disclosed in loan documentation per legal requirements. The fine print typically includes these penalties. This information may be withheld from you by an unscrupulous broker because penalties, like interest payments, are necessary for lenders to make a profit. Examine the written records. Ask for a loan with a low or no prepayment penalty if you see one.

Even moral lenders may offer you better loan conditions if you agree to a prepayment penalty since prepayment penalties assist assure lenders make money on loans even if they are repaid early. (Reputable lenders and brokers won’t obstruct you from learning about the expenses.) The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) offers the following recommendations before rejecting a mortgage with prepayment penalties: To evaluate overall costs and make a wise choice, “ask your lender for a quote for a similar loan without a prepayment penalty.”

Also read about- 6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

How to shop for a mortgage?

If you’re looking to purchase a property, you might be thinking whether you should go mortgage shopping on your own or through a mortgage broker. Yes, it is the answer.

Yes, you should use free comparison tools like the one in the table below when you shop online. It is advised that you request quotations from at least five mortgage institutions. According to a recent Freddie Mac research, when borrowers compare two quotes, they save an average of $1,500 over the course of a mortgage, and when they compare five quotes, they save $3,000 on average.

Other scams that one should be aware of

Additionally, there are scammers out there who pretend to be mortgage brokers in an effort to defraud you of your money. Here are several frauds you could encounter when dealing with these fake “brokers”:

Mortgage wire fraud

These are carried out by con artists posing as escrow agents or lenders. A con artist might also pose as a real estate agent. They will attempt to convince the prospective buyer to send them money for the closing costs by posing as whatever they want. It is challenging to stop these scams, and it is challenging to get your money back. Before wiring money, always confirm that the receiving account is legitimate. Keep an eye out for any emails or notices you get from them, and carefully review all of these interactions. They are probably a fraud if they contain several grammatical problems or are sent from an unreliable address.

Fake real estate agents

Sadly, there are some people who pretend to be real estate brokers. These fictitious real estate agents could fabricate a fake licence and employment history. Verify the agent’s number with your state’s Department of Real Estate or Real Estate Commission to make sure your real estate agent is legitimate.

How to prevent being conned

Make sure you obtain a good faith estimate (GFE)

Make sure your GFE includes all necessary details and an estimation of the loan’s expenses, and that it is provided on an official form from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. You will receive a GFE from a respectable mortgage firm shortly after filing your mortgage application. Use a different lender if you don’t get one on the official paperwork or in a timely manner.

Also read about- 6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!

Don’t brush off credit concerns

The ability to obtain a mortgage depends on having good credit. If a mortgage broker claims differently, do not believe them. A predatory mortgage broker is one who promises you that your credit history is unimportant.

Compare the mortgage brokers before opting in

Spend some time looking around to discover a reliable mortgage broker. Check out reviews and interest rate comparisons.

What are Pros and cons of using a mortgage broker

You might be pondering whether hiring a mortgage broker is even necessary after reading about all these scams. For many people, mortgage brokers can be a wise investment. They actually help you save a tonne of time and streamline the house buying process. Using a mortgage broker has the following benefits and drawbacks:

FAQ’s related to how mortgage brokers rip you off

What must I avoid disclosing to my mortgage broker?

You must first and foremost tell your lender the truth in all respects. Be truthful about your financial condition and don’t lie about any felonies or your credit history. Mortgage fraud could result from deception. Some advise against mentioning any reckless spending tendencies you might have because it might make securing a transaction more difficult.

Is utilising a mortgage broker worthwhile?

There are unquestionably significant benefits to hiring a mortgage broker. You can spend less time, effort, and money by working with a moral mortgage broker. They might be able to negotiate for you a better mortgage arrangement than you could on your own. They are also knowledgeable about the mortgage procedure and can assist with any queries you may have. Utilize a mortgage broker after conducting thorough study.

How can I tell if my mortgage broker is a scammer?

The main indication that a broker is bad is when they try to get you to make mortgage payments that you cannot afford. Make some market comparisons to ensure they are not taking advantage of you. Additionally, make sure to understand which extra costs are required and which are unnecessary so you can determine whether or not they are merely trying to increase their commision.

Key Takeaways

• Finding the greatest offer will be aided by a competent mortgage broker. An unscrupulous broker will attempt to tack on extra fees to demand more money from you.
• A portion of the loans sold is how mortgage brokers are paid.
• Beware of prepayment penalties, steering, hidden fees, and loan flipping.
• Do your homework in advance to be sure you’re working with a reputable broker.
• Using a mortgage broker has several benefits, but choosing the wrong one could result in fraud. Greedy brokers with poor ethics could try to sell you unneeded add-ons, utilise hidden fees, or withhold important loan documentation from you.

I hope this article made you understand how Mortgage Brokers Rip You Off and how you can be cautious before taking the actions for choosing one.

Top 10 On Going Mega Projects In World 2022 That You Must Know About

Concrete with a sand finish is similar to concrete with a typical finish, but it has a more polished appearance. To make sand finish concrete, mix 1 part cement with 2 parts sand and 3 parts gravel. After thoroughly combining all of the dry ingredients, water is added gradually.

Sand finish concrete also goes by the name “sand washed finish concrete” because it has a sand-textured appearance and resembles the firm sand found on beaches and seashores.

On top of the concrete, there are washed sand grits that provide a porous, non-slip surface. It is typically used for patios, pool decks, driveways, walkways, etc.

Also Read-Top 10 On Going Mega Projects In World 2022 That You Must Know About

What is the Importance of The Sand Finish Concrete?

Concrete with a sand finish has excellent texture. It is more frequently used in the rear of the house and by the pool because it is not abrasive, gritty, or slippery all at once.

Additionally, sand finish concrete comes in a variety of patterns and shapes, including squares, checkerboards, diamonds, and many more. Concrete that has been sand-washed is incredibly adaptable and malleable. Additionally, it improves the beauty of your home by making it smoother and cleaner.

Sand finish concrete includes the following varieties of concrete:

• Smooth Trowel Concrete Finish
• Normal Concrete Finish
• Stamped Concrete Finish
• Broom Concrete Finish or Scratched Concrete Finish
• Terrazzo Concrete Finish
• Aggregate Appearance Concrete Finish
• Salt Finish Concrete
• Sandblasted Concrete Finish
• Rosette Concrete Finish or Swirl Concrete Finish
• Colour Finish Concrete

Also Read-Top 10 On Going Mega Projects In World 2022 That You Must Know About

1. Smooth Trowel Sand Finish Concrete

Either cement paste slurry or cement dust is applied to the concrete surface, which is then repeatedly pushed and pulled to preserve a smooth appearance all around it.

They are frequently utilized in places where there is easy water drainage and where there is less water permeability, such as walks, verandas, bathrooms, etc. Additionally, the texture of this sort of concrete is exceptionally shiny and smooth.

2. Normal Sand Finish Concrete

When this sort of concrete is put over the formwork and on the ground surface, it is often tamped and vibrated using wooden tampers. It produces a natural concrete finish that is neither extremely smooth nor extremely rough.

What Is Air Entrained Concrete? How it is Produced ? Uses of Air Entraining Concrete

3. Stamped Pattern Sand Finish Concrete

The upper layer of the concrete is gently pressed with various plates and rubber pads in this stamped concrete finish so that after a few hours these plates leave the stamp on it and resemble tiles, blocks, and paving stone.

4. Scratched or Broom Concrete Finish

With the aid of a broom, wire brush, and trowel, the first setting of the stage of concrete is scratched in this sort of finish concrete.

As a result, they give the surface a highly rough and harsh texture. The broom is mostly used in paths of highways and homes to prevent slippery walkway surfaces. It is composed of finely chopped bamboo wood. Additionally, it forms a strong link between the tiles and base surface for mortar application.

5. Terrazzo Concrete Finish

At this type of concrete, the coarse aggregate is substituted in a ratio of 1:1.25 or 1:2 by grey or white cement mixed with marble chips of various hues.

Also Read-Top 10 On Going Mega Projects In World 2022 That You Must Know About

Concrete chips are exposed by grinding after placement and hardening, and the surface is then polished with a chemical process or paint that is more appropriate to provide a shiny and glossy finish.

Such concrete serves as a topping and provides a very appealing surface appearance as well as wearing resistance capabilities. It is applied over structural concrete and is only a few millimetres thick.

6. Aggregate Appearance Sand Finish Concrete

While using aggregates rather than marble chips, this style of concrete is similar to the terrazzo concrete finish. Using a power float, the aggregate is first thoroughly implanted over the concrete surface.

Granite, basalt, quartz, and other stones with aesthetically pleasing textures are frequently utilised, and there are still additional possibilities for giving the concrete surface a shining, glossy appearance, such as chemical treatments or paint.

7. Salt Finish Concrete

In order to achieve this style of concrete finish, wet, fresh concrete is first distributed evenly across the area, then crystals of large lumps and slats are then inserted inside the concrete surface.

With the use of water jetting, these imbedded salts are removed from the concrete so that it can harden. As a result, the salts leave a depression over the implanted area and give the concrete a more natural rough texture.

The most important element is that it appears erratic but is not in fact rough. It is therefore prefered for areas with swimming pools.

8. Sandblasted Concrete Finish

After the concrete has hardened, this technique is utilised to sandblast the surface utilising a pressurised blast of mix and air. so that concrete has a rough texture.

9. Rosette Concrete Finish or Swirl Concrete Finish

Any sort of completed concrete has a surface that is level and smooth, but the intersection of any semi-circular arcs causes the surface of this type of concrete to undulate.

By employing a proper technique while pressing down on the freshly slumped concrete with a trowel, this concrete surface was given an undulating appearance.

The semi-circular arcs provide the impression that rose petals are scattered across the ground. Concrete coatings also give the floor or ground surface a very distinctive appearance, earning it the name Rosette.

Also Read-Top 10 On Going Mega Projects In World 2022 That You Must Know About

10. Color Concrete Finish

In this type of concrete, colour tinting is applied either during the curing process or by spraying the concrete’s top surface, which is subsequently smoothed with a trowel. Powder versions of all pigment hues are available.

Use concrete stains and concrete dyes to give the concrete surface a colourful, creative aspect and different tints to make it more appealing. Although it is still concrete, colours have been added.

How To Achieve A Sand Finish On Concrete?

Obtaining sand wash finish concrete for patios and pool decks is a simple process. You cannot achieve a washed-finished surface by mixing cement and ordinary sand together in a mortar.

Concrete sand can be used to create finishes. In contrast, mortar sand is used to create textured surfaces by mixing water and cement with the sand.

Concrete sand is a type of sand wash that is typically recovered from the depths of the earth and stone grits. After extraction, the sand is washed to get rid of salt, clay, dust, and other debris.

M20 grade proportion indicates (1:1.5) or M-grade concrete, which is stronger, is utilised for concrete with a sand wash finish. To make concrete of the M20 grade, mix all of the dry materials thoroughly before gradually adding water with the aid of a trowel. After that, wash the concrete with high water pressure to remove the cement paste from the top.

Also Read-Top 10 On Going Mega Projects In World 2022 That You Must Know About

To make concrete of the M20 grade, mix all of the dry materials thoroughly before gradually adding water and mixing once more with a trowel.

Air entrained concrete is a type of concrete that contains billions of tiny air pockets, and these air pockets allow water to expand when it freezes and relieve internal pressure on the concrete.

In order to create air-entrained concrete, either air entraining Portland cement or an air entraining agent in the concrete mix are used.

Air entrainment is the process used to create a microscopic bubble in concrete. Air entrainment admixtures are used to create air bubbles in the concrete during the mixing process.

Also Read-Top 10 On Going Mega Projects In World 2022 That You Must Know About

The majority of the bubbles in concrete remain in the hardened stage, where they are generated when the concrete is in the plastic stage.

The major objective of air entrainment in concrete is to increase the hardened concrete’s endurance in environments where there is a risk of freezing and thawing.

The important secondary goal is to make concrete more workable when it is in the plastic stage. The production of air that is stickier leads in fewer segregation results and a more desirable concrete surface.

How to Produce Air Entrained Concrete

How to make air entrained concrete? Following materials are used to make concrete,

1. Air entraining cement
2. Air entraining agents

1. Air Entraining Cement

One of the unique varieties of cement that produces air bubbles in the cement or concrete is air-entrained portland cement.

The concrete is shielded from damage and fissures by the air bubbles, which also provide it room to expand during freezing and thawing.

2. Air Entraining Agents

The following are examples of materials or air entraining agents:

1. Using gas-forming material:-

• Aluminum powder
• Zinc powder
• Hydrogen peroxide

2. Lowering Surface tension agents:-

• Natural wood resins
• Animal fats
• Wetting agent
• Water-soluble soaps of certain acids

All of the aforementioned ingredients are combined with different forms of concrete to create foam, among other things. The stable foam produces tiny microbubbles in the air entrained concrete as a result of the water’s surface tension being lowered.

• Calcium ligno-sulfate and calcium salts of glues
• Using cement dispersing agents

What are the Properties of Air Entrained Concrete?

1. Workability
2. Freeze-thaw durability
3. De-icers resistance
4. Sulfate resistance
5. Strength
6. Abrasion resistance
7. Water tightness

Workability

Reduce water and sand needs, especially in lean concrete mixes, if the workability of air entrained concrete is enhanced. Disconnecting the air bubbles will lessen the segregation and bleeding of plastic concrete.

Freeze-thaw durability

Water expands during the freezing process, putting enough pressure on the concrete for it to crack. Concrete is protected from water expansion and damage by air bubbles that act as reservoirs within the concrete.

De-icers resistance

Because entrained air inhibits scaling brought on by the use of de-icing chemicals for snow and ice removal, air entrained concrete is typically utilised where concrete comes in contact with de-icing chemicals.

Sulfate resistance

Entrained air and cement with a low tri-calcium aluminate content can help concrete that has a low water to cement ratio withstand sulphate attack. In order to protect concrete from sulphate assault, entrained air is highly helpful.

Also Read-Top 10 On Going Mega Projects In World 2022 That You Must Know About

Strength

The ratio of voids to cement essentially determines the strength of air-entrained concrete. Void volume is defined in this ratio as the sum of the volumes of water and air.

The strength of concrete varies inversely with the w/c ratio when the air content is constant. By keeping the voids to cement ratio constant, we can often retain a certain strength as the air content rises.

Abrasion resistance

The compressive strength of air-entrained concrete is equivalent to that of non-air-entrained concrete in terms of abrasion resistance. The compressive strength also increases as abrasion resistance does.

Water tightness

Concrete with air entrained particles has greater water resistance than concrete without air entrained particles. The formation of capillary interconnections is impeded by entrained air. So, where water tightness is necessary, air-entrained concrete is highly helpful.

Effect of Air Entrainment on Strength of Concrete

Workability and compressive strength of concrete are the key factors that are impacted by air-entrained concrete.

Without changing the water-to-cement ratio, the air-entrained concrete has improved the workability of concrete.

Workability and compressive strength are always inversely proportional to one another, therefore if the workability of the concrete increases, compressive strength immediately drops.

1. Effect of air entrainment on compressive strength of concrete
2. Effects of air entrainment on flexural strength of concrete

Effect of Micro Air Bubbles on Concrete Compressive Strength of Air Entrained Concrete

Commonly used as an additive to improve the workability of concrete without barely impacting its strength.

According to the study’s findings, air-entrained concrete with a 7.5 cm slump performs better than non-air-entrained concrete with a 12.5 cm slump.

The compressive strength of concrete is decreased if air entrained admixture is used in big or enormous amounts.

The proportions of the mix, the kind of concrete, the grading of the concrete, the type of cement, and the entraining agent are the common aspects that have an impact on the lowering of the strength of concrete.

Between 3 and 7% of the strength of concrete is lost when air-entrained admixtures are used. In the design of the concrete mix, the variance of this 3 to 7% is taken into account.

Also Read-Top 10 On Going Mega Projects In World 2022 That You Must Know About

Therefore, the needed quantity of admixture and workability is used to obtain the desired compressive strength.

Prior to the design, trial mix designs are carried out to precisely determine how the admixtures alter strength. The mix design is then appropriately corrected.

It is generally accepted that each 1% volume of entrained air in the concrete mix results in a loss of 5% in the compressive strength of the concrete.

Assuming the high goal mean strength, the water-cement ratio needed for an air-entrained concrete that allows for strength loss is integrated into the mix design.

The high target mean strength for an air entrained concrete mix is given by:-

Target mean strength = fc + m/(1-0.055a)

where,

f = specified characteristic strength

m = margin

a = % by volume of the entrained air

2. Effect of Micro Air bubbles on Flexural Strength of Air Entrained Concrete

In contrast to compressive strength, the drop in concrete’s flexural strength caused by air entrainment is typically not quantified.

According to the report, concrete will reach its maximum flexural strength if the air concentration is 4%.

It can be inferred from both situations that, as long as maximum water reduction is taken into account and a tiny maximum aggregate size is used, the compressive and flexural strength of lean concrete mix designs rises.

FAQs related to Air Entrained Concrete

Fabuloso is safe to use on wood floors due to its pH balance, and it works particularly well to remove dirt, dust, grease, and grime. In fact, it will even eliminate some stains, and after cleaning, your wood floor will be shining with no accumulation or streaks.

What is Fabuloso?

Fabuloso is a multi-purpose cleaner designed to clean most hard surfaces of a home, including walls, floors, counters, and more.

Venezuelans complained that their cleaning supplies’ scents vanished so soon after usage in the late 1970s. Fabuloso was thus introduced in 1980. In addition to cleaning, it was made to leave behind a fragrant scent that would stay for a long time and indicate that a home had been thoroughly cleaned.

It didn’t take long for Fabuloso to gain popularity and be made available abroad.

The Fabuloso line now includes Fabuloso Complete Disinfecting Wipes and Fabuloso Professional, with a variety of delectable flavors like Lavender, Refreshing Lemon, Passion of Fruits, and Tropical Spring, among others.

Fabuloso is a multipurpose cleaner that is becoming more well-known due to its potent cleaning abilities, enduring fragrance, and capacity to clean a variety of nonporous surfaces.

Can you use Fabuloso on Wood Floors for cleaning?

The question “Can you use Fabuloso on Wood Floors for cleaning?” frequently arises since wood floors require more maintenance than other types of hard flooring. Since using the wrong cleaner on a wood floor might cause harm to the floor, this is a particularly crucial question.

Fabuloso won’t harm flooring because its pH balance is neutral, making it safe to use on all surfaces. The Fabuloso website claims that laminate and wood floors can be securely cleaned with Fabuloso.

How to Use Fabuloso on Wood Floors

Your wood floors can be easily treated with Fabuloso without the need for any special tools or materials. Only Fabuloso, water, a mop, a bucket, and a broom and dustpan are required.

What you should do is:

Step 1: sweep the floor.

To get rid of as much dust and hair as you can, thoroughly sweep your wood floor with your broom and dustpan before using Fabuloso to clean it. A thorough cleaning is usually a good idea.

Step 2: Fill Fabuloso with water

Fill a clean bucket with water (using a dirty bucket will only add more dirt to your floors). Fabuloso works best with water that is room temperature.

After that, put 1/4 cup of Fabuloso each gallon of water in your bucket.

Step 3: Wipe Your Wood Floor

Dip your mop into the bucket after preparing your mop solution, then wring away any extra water. Next, sweep your wooden floor.

DO NOT LEAVE EXCESS WATER ON THE FLOORS as this could cause harm as the water could seep into the floor. Let your floor dry naturally.

I hope this article answers to your question of “Can you use Fabuloso on Wood Floors for cleaning?”

Also read- 6 Insane Megaprojects in the world that were Never Built !!